| In brief outline, UPA (2002) is structured as follows: Article |
| 1, General Provisions, adds many new definitions to clarify the |
| participants in determinations of parentage and adapt the Act to |
| recent scientific developments. Article 2, Parent-Child |
| Relationship, will look familiar to past users of UPA (1973) |
| because it continues a number of the 1973 provisions with little |
| or no change, while eliminating the ambiguous term "natural" to |
| describe a genetic parent. Article 3, Voluntary Acknowledgment of |
| Paternity, is entirely new and is driven by federal mandates that |
| states provide simplified nonjudicial means to establish |
| paternity, especially for newborns and young children. Article 4, |
| Registry of Paternity, is entirely new and incorporates a tightly |
| integrated registry law to deal with the rights of a man who is |
| neither an acknowledged, presumed or adjudicated father. A |
| primary goal of this article is to facilitate adoption |
| proceedings. Article 5, Genetic Testing, comprehensively covers |
| that subject in ten separate sections (the 1973 Act had one |
| section on the subject). Article 6, Proceeding to Adjudicate |
| Parentage, sets forth the parties to, and the procedures for, |
| adjudicating parentage and challenging acknowledgments, |
| presumptions, and judgments. Article 7, Child of Assisted |
| Reproduction, recodifies USCACA (1988), but applies its |
| provisions to nonmarital as well as marital children born as a |
| result of assisted reproductive technologies. The bracketed |
| Article 8, Gestational Agreement, is based upon USCACA (1988), |
| but follows only the option that permits enforcement of a |
| gestational agreement. Moreover, the Act makes a number of |
| important changes in that option. |
