This page looks better if you use JavaScript. Use the instructions
here
to
enable JavaScript
.
Legislative Information
--
Maine Legislature
Options
— Click to add or remove.
Maine Legislature
Bill Tracking & Text Search
Amendments
Chaptered Law
Committee
Testimony
Sponsor
Bill Tracking
Title & Section
Major Subject
Chamber Status
Committee Notices
Statutes
Committee Work
Legislative Activities Calendar
Committee Notices & Information
Hearings and Work Sessions
Testimony to Committees
Session
Any
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
 
Any
1st Regular
1st Special
2nd Regular
2nd Special
3rd Special
4th Special
5th Special
6th Special
7th Special
8th Special
Title Search
Text Search
LD Number
From
to
Paper Number
Any
HP
SP
IB
SO
HO
SR
HR
CO
LR Number
From
to
Fiscal Impact
Any
Fiscal Impact
No Fiscal Impact
Not Yet Determined
Bond Issue
Emergency
Governor's Bill
Mandate
Amendments
Filing Number
Any
H
S
-
Amendment
Any
H
S
C
Any
A
B
C
E
D
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
to
Any
H
S
C
Any
A
B
C
E
D
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Select LD's with amendments adopted by the
House
? Yes
No
Don't Care
,
Select LD's with amendments adopted by the
Senate
? Yes
No
Don't Care
Select only LD's with amendments? Yes
No
Law Type and Chapter
Law Type
Any
Public Law
Private & Special Law
Constitutional Resolution
Resolve
Initiated Bill
Joint Study Order
Joint Resolution
Competing Measure Res.
Chapter
Only Chaptered Law? Yes
No
Committee
Committee
Any
Aging, Retirement and Veterans (ARV)
Agriculture (AGR)
Alcohol (ALC)
Appropriations and Financial Affairs (APP)
Audit and Program Review (AUD)
Banking and Insurance (BAN)
Business Legislation (BUS)
Corrections (COR)
Economic Development (HOU)
Education (EDU)
Energy and Natural Resources (ENR)
Fisheries and Wildlife (FIS)
Human Resources (HUM)
Judiciary (JUD)
Labor (LAB)
Legal Affairs (LEG)
Local and County Government (LCG)
Marine Resources (MAR)
State Government (STG)
Taxation (TAX)
Transportation (TRA)
Utilities (UTL)
Vocational Education (VED)
Next public hearing, from
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
to
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Next work session, from
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
to
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Public Hearing and Work Session
Schedules
Sponsor
Select Sponsors from
Any
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
Legislature
House Sponsor
Any
Aliberti of Lewiston, 112th
Allen of Washington, 112th
Armstrong of Wilton, 112th
Attean of Old Town, 112th
Ayer of Caribou, 112th
Baker of Orrington, 112th
Baker of Portland, 112th
Beaulieu of Portland, 112th
Begley of Waldoboro, 112th
Bell of Paris, 112th
Bonney of Falmouth, 112th
Bost of Orono, 112th
Bott of Orono, 112th
Boutilier of Lewiston, 112th
Bragg of Sidney, 112th
Brannigan of Portland, 112th
Brodeur of Auburn, 112th
Brown of Gorham, 112th
Brown of Livermore Falls, 112th
Cahill of Woolwich, 112th
Callahan of Mechanic Falls, 112th
Carrier of Westbrook, 112th
Carroll of Gray, 112th
Carter of Winslow, 112th
Cashman of Old Town, 112th
Chonko of Topsham, 112th
Clark of Millinocket, 112th
Coles of Harpswell, 112th
Conners of Franklin, 112th
Connolly of Portland, 112th
Cooper of Windham, 112th
Cote of Auburn, 112th
Crouse of Caribou, 112th
Crowley of Stockton Springs, 112th
Daggett of Manchester, 112th
Davis of Monmouth, 112th
Dellert of Gardiner, 112th
Descoteaux of Biddeford, 112th
Dexter of Kingfield, 112th
Diamond of Bangor, 112th
Dillenback of Cumberland, 112th
Drinkwater of Belfast, 112th
Duffy of Bangor, 112th
Erwin of Rumford, 112th
Farnum of So Berwick, 112th
Foss of Yarmouth, 112th
Foster of Ellsworth, 112th
Greenlaw of Standish, 112th
Gwadosky of Fairfield, 112th
Hale of Sanford, 112th
Handy of Lewiston, 112th
Harper of Lincoln, 112th
Hayden of Brunswick, 112th
Hepburn of Skowhegan, 112th
Hichborn of Lagrange, 112th
Hickey of Augusta, 112th
Higgins of Portland, 112th
Higgins of Scarborough, 112th
Hillock of Gorham, 112th
Hoglund of Portland, 112th
Holloway of Edgecomb, 112th
Ingraham of Houlton, 112th
Jackson of Harrison, 112th
Jacques of Waterville, 112th
Jalbert of Lisbon, 112th
Joseph of Waterville, 112th
Kane of South Portland, 112th
Kimball of Buxton, 112th
Lacroix of Oakland, 112th
Lander of Greenville, 112th
Law of Dover-Foxcroft, 112th
Lawrence of Parsonsfield, 112th
Lebowitz of Bangor, 112th
Lisnik of Presque Isle, 112th
Lord of Waterboro, 112th
MacBride of Presque Isle, 112th
Macomber of South Portland, 112th
Manning of Portland, 112th
Martin of Van Buren, 112th
Martin of Eagle Lake, 112th
Masterman of Milo, 112th
Matthews of Caribou, 112th
Mayo of Thomaston, 112th
McCollister of Canton, 112th
McGowan of Canaan, 112th
McHenry of Madawaska, 112th
McPherson of Eliot, 112th
McSweeney of Old Orchard Beach, 112th
Melendy of Rockland, 112th
Michael of Auburn, 112th
Michaud of Medway, 112th
Mills of Bethel, 112th
Mitchell of Freeport, 112th
Moholland of Princeton, 112th
Murphy of Berwick, 112th
Murphy of Kennebunk, 112th
Murray of Bangor, 112th
Nadeau of Lewiston, 112th
Nadeau of Saco, 112th
Nelson of Portland, 112th
Newell of Princeton, 112th
Nicholson of South Portland, 112th
Nickerson of Turner, 112th
O'Gara of Westbrook, 112th
Paradis of Old Town, 112th
Paradis of Augusta, 112th
Parent of Benton, 112th
Paul of Sanford, 112th
Perry of Mexico, 112th
Pines of Limestone, 112th
Pouliot of Lewiston, 112th
Priest of Brunswick, 112th
Racine of Biddeford, 112th
Randall of East Machias, 112th
Reeves of Pittston, 112th
Rice of Stonington, 112th
Richard of Madison, 112th
Ridley of Shapleigh, 112th
Rioux of Biddeford, 112th
Roberts of Farmington, 112th
Rolde of York, 112th
Rotondi of Athens, 112th
Ruhlin of Brewer, 112th
Rydell of Brunswick, 112th
Salsbury of Bar Harbor, 112th
Scarpino of St George, 112th
Seavey of Kennebunkport, 112th
Sherburne of Dexter, 112th
Simpson of Casco, 112th
Small of Bath, 112th
Smith of Island Falls, 112th
Smith of Mars Hill, 112th
Soucy of Kittery, 112th
Sproul of Augusta, 112th
Stetson of Damariscotta, 112th
Stevens of Sabattus, 112th
Stevens of Bangor, 112th
Stevenson of Unity, 112th
Strout of Corinth, 112th
Swazey of Bucksport, 112th
Swazey of Bucksport, 112th
Tammaro of Baileyville, 112th
Tardy of Palmyra, 112th
Taylor of Camden, 112th
Telow of Lewiston, 112th
Theriault of Fort Kent, 112th
Vose of Eastport, 112th
Walker of Norway, 112th
Warren of Scarborough, 112th
Webster of Cape Elizabeth, 112th
Wentworth of Wells, 112th
Weymouth of West Gardiner, 112th
Whitcomb of Waldo, 112th
Willey of Hampden, 112th
Zirnkilton of Mount Desert, 112th
Cosponsored Bills? Yes
No
Senate Sponsor
Any
Andrews of Cumberland, 112th
Baldacci of Penobscot, 112th
Berube of Androscoggin, 112th
Black of Cumberland, 112th
Brown of Washington, 112th
Bustin of Kennebec, 112th
Carpenter of Aroostook, 112th
Chalmers of Knox, 112th
Clark of Cumberland, 112th
Danton of York, 112th
Diamond of Cumberland, 112th
Dow of Kennebec, 112th
Dutremble of York, 112th
Emerson of Penobscot, 112th
Erwin of Oxford, 112th
Gauvreau of Androscoggin, 112th
Gill of Cumberland, 112th
Hichens of York, 112th
Kany of Kennebec, 112th
Kerry of York, 112th
Matthews of Kennebec, 112th
Maybury of Penobscot, 112th
McBreairty of Aroostook, 112th
Najarian of Cumberland, 112th
Pearson of Penobscot, 112th
Perkins of Hancock, 112th
Pray of Penobscot, 112th
Sewall of Lincoln, 112th
Shute of Waldo, 112th
Stover of Sagadahoc, 112th
Trafton of Androscoggin, 112th
Tuttle of York, 112th
Twitchell of Oxford, 112th
Usher of Cumberland, 112th
Violette of Aroostook, 112th
Webster of Franklin, 112th
Cosponsored Bills? Yes
No
Bill Tracking
House Tracking
Any
Carry Over Approved
Carry Over Requested
Comes From Committee
Extension Approved
Extension Requested
LTW Approved by Chairs
Public Hearing Held
Pursuant to Joint Rule 13
Pursuant to Joint Rule 22
Pursuant to Joint Rule 309
Referred To
Reported Out
Rescheduled Bill
Substitute Bill
Tabled
Voted
Work Session Held
Work Session Reconsidered
ACCEPTED MAJORITY (ONTP) REPORT
ACCEPTED MINORITY (ONTP) REPORT
ACCEPTED ONTP REPORT
ACCEPTED OTP-ND REPORT
ACCEPTED REPORT A (ONTP)
ACCEPTED REPORT B (ONTP)
ACCEPTED REPORT C (ONTP)
CARRIED OVER
CONFIRMED
DIED BETWEEN HOUSES
DIED IN CONCURRENCE
DIED ON ADJOURNMENT
EMER ENACT FAILED
EMER ENACTED
EMER FINAL PASS FAILED
EMER FINALLY PASSED
EMER UNSIGNED - LAW
ENACTED
ENACTMENT FAILED
FINAL PASSAGE FAILED
FINALLY PASSED
INDEFINITELY POSTPONED
LEAVE TO WITHDRAW
NOT PRESENTED
NOT PROPERLY BEFORE BODY
POCKET VETO
PURSUANT TO JOINT RULE 310
READ AND ADOPTED
READ AND PASSED
READ AND PASSED AS AMENDED
READ/PLACED ON FILE
VETO OVERRIDDEN
VETO SUSTAINED
WITHDRAWN
As Amended
In
None
Out
Tabled
Accepted Report
Adhered To
Amendment Adopted
Amendment Proposed
Asked for Ruling by Chair
Bill Held
Carried Over
Committed To
Concurred
Conference Committee
Conference Report Accepted
Conference Report Rejected
Confirmed
Denied
Dispensed with Reading
Emergency Enacted
Emergency Finally Passed
Enacted
Engrossed
Engrossed as Amended By
Engrossed as Amended without Reference By
Engrossed without Reference
Finally Passed
First Reading
Held
Indefinitely Postponed
Insisted On
Introduced
New Draft Accepted
Not Presented
Passed as Amended
Placed on Appropriations Table
Placed on Fisheries/Wildlife Table
Placed on Highway Table
Placed on Study Table
Pursuant to Joint Rule 310
Read and Adopted
Read and Adopted as Amended By
Read and Passed
Read and Placed on File
Recalled
Receded
Receded and Concurred
Reconsidered
Referred in Concurrence
Referred To
Referred to Committee
Released
Removed from Committee
Removed from Table
Ruling By Chair
Second Conference Requested
Second Reading
Substitute Bill
Suspension of Rules
Tabled Pending
Tabled Unassigned
Unfinished Business
Veto Overridden
Veto Sustained
Withdrawn
Emergency Signed
Emergency Unsigned Law
Held
Line Item Veto
Signed
Unsigned Law
Veto
From
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
to
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Senate Tracking
Any
Carry Over Approved
Carry Over Requested
Comes From Committee
Extension Approved
Extension Requested
LTW Approved by Chairs
Public Hearing Held
Pursuant to Joint Rule 13
Pursuant to Joint Rule 22
Pursuant to Joint Rule 309
Referred To
Reported Out
Rescheduled Bill
Substitute Bill
Tabled
Voted
Work Session Held
Work Session Reconsidered
ACCEPTED MAJORITY (ONTP) REPORT
ACCEPTED MINORITY (ONTP) REPORT
ACCEPTED ONTP REPORT
ACCEPTED OTP-ND REPORT
ACCEPTED REPORT A (ONTP)
ACCEPTED REPORT B (ONTP)
ACCEPTED REPORT C (ONTP)
CARRIED OVER
CONFIRMED
DIED BETWEEN HOUSES
DIED IN CONCURRENCE
DIED ON ADJOURNMENT
EMER ENACT FAILED
EMER ENACTED
EMER FINAL PASS FAILED
EMER FINALLY PASSED
EMER UNSIGNED - LAW
ENACTED
ENACTMENT FAILED
FINAL PASSAGE FAILED
FINALLY PASSED
INDEFINITELY POSTPONED
LEAVE TO WITHDRAW
NOT PRESENTED
NOT PROPERLY BEFORE BODY
POCKET VETO
PURSUANT TO JOINT RULE 310
READ AND ADOPTED
READ AND PASSED
READ AND PASSED AS AMENDED
READ/PLACED ON FILE
VETO OVERRIDDEN
VETO SUSTAINED
WITHDRAWN
As Amended
In
None
Out
Tabled
Accepted Report
Adhered To
Amendment Adopted
Amendment Proposed
Asked for Ruling by Chair
Bill Held
Carried Over
Committed To
Concurred
Conference Committee
Conference Report Accepted
Conference Report Rejected
Confirmed
Denied
Dispensed with Reading
Emergency Enacted
Emergency Finally Passed
Enacted
Engrossed
Engrossed as Amended By
Engrossed as Amended without Reference By
Engrossed without Reference
Finally Passed
First Reading
Held
Indefinitely Postponed
Insisted On
Introduced
New Draft Accepted
Not Presented
Passed as Amended
Placed on Appropriations Table
Placed on Fisheries/Wildlife Table
Placed on Highway Table
Placed on Study Table
Pursuant to Joint Rule 310
Read and Adopted
Read and Adopted as Amended By
Read and Passed
Read and Placed on File
Recalled
Receded
Receded and Concurred
Reconsidered
Referred in Concurrence
Referred To
Referred to Committee
Released
Removed from Committee
Removed from Table
Ruling By Chair
Second Conference Requested
Second Reading
Substitute Bill
Suspension of Rules
Tabled Pending
Tabled Unassigned
Unfinished Business
Veto Overridden
Veto Sustained
Withdrawn
Emergency Signed
Emergency Unsigned Law
Held
Line Item Veto
Signed
Unsigned Law
Veto
From
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
to
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Title & Section
Title
Any
1
2
3
4
5
6
6-A
7
7-A
8
9
9-A
9-B
10
10-A
11
12
12-A
13
13-A
13-B
13-C
14
15
16
17
17-A
18
18-A
18-B
19
19-A
20
20-A
21
21-A
22
22-A
22-B
23
24
24-A
24-B
25
26
27
27-A
28
28-A
29
29-A
30
30-A
31
32
32-A
33
34
34-A
34-B
35
35-A
36
36-A
37
37-A
37-B
38
38-A
39
39-A
Section
Sub-Section
Paragraph
Major Subject
Subject
Any
absent voters
acadia national park
administration department
administrative law
adoption
adult day care
advertising
affirmative action
afscme
aged persons
agricultural products
agriculture
air pollution control
air search & rescue
alcohol & drug abuse
alcoholic beverages
alcoholic beverages bureau
all-terrain vehicles
anatomical gifts
anderson,mary cushing
androscoggin county
apprentices
appropriations
aquaculture
aroostook county
arts bureau
asti-kim corporation
attorney at law
auctions & auctioneers
augusta mental health
augusta mental health institute
bail & recognizance
bangor-brewer bridge
barbers & barbershops
beaches
bee industry
benedicta
bigelow laboratory
boarding care facilities
boards & commission
boards & commissions
bond issue
bonds (officers & fiduciaries)
boxing & wrestling
bridges
brown,jeanette hodgdon
brucellosis
brunswick sewer district
building code
building contractors
buildings
camden & rockland
camps & camping
canada
careers & occupations
caswell plantation
children
children's trust fund
children/special needs
cigarette tax
civil emerg preparedness
civil service
claims
claims board
coastal areas
coastal islands property
coffee
colwell construction,inc
commemorations
commerce & industry,off
commerce & trade
commodities
community services act
community services,div
compensation & salaries
compensation commission
computer related-crimes
conservation
conservation corps
constitution of maine
constitution of u.s.
consumer credit code
containers
cornish water district
corporations
correctional institutions
corrections
corrections,department
counties
county commissioners
court procedure,criminal
courts
credit unions
crimes & offenses
criminal justice academy
critical areas
dams & reservoirs
data processing bureau
dead bodies
death
debt collection
deeds & conveyances
desertion & nonsupport
development office
developmentally disabled
diseases
district court
divorce
dover & foxcroft water district
drugs & druggists
eating & lodging places
economic development
education
educational/cultural services,dept
elections
electricians
electricity
emergencies
emergency medical service
emergency services
emergency vehicles
emotionally stressful jobs
employment agencies
employment practices
employment security law
energy
energy conservation
environment protection
environmental protection
executive department
families
family planning services
farmington village corp
ferries
finance authority
finance department
finance/administration
financial institutions
fines & penalties
firefighters
fish & game
fish & game wardens
foods
forcible entry/detainer
forest fires
forest recreation resource
forestry
franchise tax
franklin county
fraudulent transfer
freeport sewer district
fuel taxes
governor
gray water district
guardian & ward
guardian ad litem
hancock county
handicapped persons
hartford,erwest
hazardous materials
health care
health care facilities
health security act
heavy vehicle use tax
historic preservation
holocaust human rights center
homicide
hope
hope house,inc
hospitals
housing
housing authorities
huber,j m, corp
human resources bureau
human rights
human services
human services,department
income tax
indians
indigent persons
industrial stabilization
inheritance/estate taxes
initiative & referendum
inland fisheries/wildlife
insurance
insurance agents/brokers
jails & jailers
job protection act
judgments & decrees
judicial department
judicial retirement
jury
kennebec county
kennebunk sewer district
kennebunk,kennebunkport
king,martin luther,jr
knox county
labor & industry
lakes & ponds
land
land use regulation
land use regulations
landlord & tenant
law enforcement
law enforcement officers
legal services/elderly
legislative assistants
legislative finance
legislative research
legislature
libraries
lincoln county
lincolnville et al water
little jewell island
little sebago lake
loans
lobbyists
lotteries
lubec port authority
lucerne-in-maine
maine arts commission
maine development fund
maine maritime academy
maine state society for
maine-canada
maine-new hampshire
marine resources
mature manufacturing ind
meals & lodging tax
medicaid
medical examiners
medical malpractice
mental health
mental health,bureau
mental health/retardation
mentally ill persons
mentally retarded persons
military forces
milk & dairies
mines & minerals
mobile homes
monopolies/unfair trade
montpelier museum
mortgages
motor carriers
motor vehicle insurance
motor vehicles
motorcycles
municipal bond bank
municipal elections
municipal officers/employees
municipal offrs/employees
municipal securities
municipal valuation
municipalities
museums
namibia
natural resource capital
nature conservancy
new england & eastern canada
new england power pool
notaries public
nuclear power
nurses
nursing homes
obscenity/pornography
occupational disease
occupational safety
ogunquit village corp
oil & gas
ordinances
osteopaths
oxford county
parks/recreation,bureau
parks/recreational areas
passamaquoddy water dist
paternity
penobscot county
penobscot river
pesticides
physicians & surgeons
pineland center
piscataquis county
planning
plantation 14
plumbers & plumbing
poles & wires
police
pooson control center
portland school of art
ports & harbors
portsmouth naval shipyard
potato tax
potatoes
pow-mia memorial bridge
power of attorney
privileges & immunities
probate proceedings
probation & parole
profession/finance reg
professional regulation
professional/financial regulation
property
property taxes
public advocate
public health
public lands,bureau
public proceedings
public utilities
radioactive waste
railroads
rape
real estate
real estate commission
records
referendum
retirement & pensions
rimiller,richard d
rivers & streams
roads & highways
sagadahoc county
sales
sales & use tax
sand dunes
savings & loan assoc
savings banks
school buildings/grounds
school buses
schools/school districts
secretary of state
securities
sewers & drains
sex offenses
site location
small business loans
smokeless tobacco
snowmobiles
social security
social services
social services,bureau
social workers
somerset county
south africa
southern kennebec
sovereignty
spruce-fir forest
st croix island
state agencies
state employee health bureau
state officers/employees
state police
state retirement system
state tax assessors
state treasurer
statutes
studies
subdivisions
substance abuse
sundays & holidays
superior court
tax assessments
tax assessors
tax collections
tax liens
taxation
taxation bureau
taylor,john
teachers
telecommunications
telecommunications service tax
telecommunications tax
telephones
television & radio
theft
timber & lumber
tobacco products tax
tort claims act
townships/unorg territory
traffic rules/regulations
transportation,department
tree growth tax
trials
trust companies
trust funds
uniform fraudulent transfer act
university of maine
veterans
veterans administration
veterans home
veterans remembrance br
veterans' memorial bridge
victims of crime
vital statistics
vocational education
waldo county
warren,edgar
washington county
waste disposal
water districts
water pollution control
water supply
watercraft
waters & water courses
waters,classification
waterville sewerage dist
wells
wells-ogunquit
winterville
workers' compensation
york county
york sewer district
york water district
zoning
Testimony to a Committee
Committee
Any
Testimony Date: from
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
to
--
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
,
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Given by: (name)